๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

Requirement Engineering

[IREB CPRE] Chapter 4. Practices for Requirements Elaboration 1๏ธโƒฃ

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๋ฐ˜์‘ํ˜•

๐ŸŸก 4. Tasks in RE

 

1) idenfifying and analyzing potential sources for requirements

2) elicitating the requirements from these sources.

3) confilct resolution

4) validation of requirements

 

 

 

๐ŸŸก 4.1 Sources for Requirements

* 3 major categories of sources *

1) Stakeholders

2) Documents

3) (Other) Systems

 

 

โœ… 4.1.1 Stakeholders

 

stakeholder์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฒซ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ธ onion model

 

*snowball principle : stakeholder๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค.

 

* stakeholder

1) ์š”๊ตฌ๊ณตํ•™์ž์˜ ๋ฌผ์Œ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ

2) ์š”๊ตฌ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ

3) ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ

 

 

์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด stakeholder's list ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‘๊ธฐ

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 4.1.1.1 A Special Stakeholder : The User

 

User์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

 

1) internal users : staff, management, subcontractor์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค.

์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋” ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋ผ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ.

2) external users : customers, business partners, civilians ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค.

์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ๊ณ  formal channel๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Œ.

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 4.1.1.2 Personas

 

ํŽ˜๋ฅด์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

 

1) Data-driven : interview, focus groups, data collection tech์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋จ.

Qualitative personas. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑด quantative persona๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ„

2) Imagination : brainstorming, ad hoc(์ฆ‰์„) pesonas or proto-personas.

 

 

 

โœ… 4.1.2 Documents

 

- internal documents : ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€

- external documents : ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›€.

-> ๋ฒ„์ „๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ.

-> ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Œ. ์ด๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ

 

 

 

โœ… 4.1.3 Other Systems

 

similar systems
Interfacing systems

 

 

 

๐ŸŸก 4.2 Elicitation of Requirements

 

 

์•Œ๋งž๋Š” elicitation ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ์˜ˆ์‹œ

 

 

 

โœ… 4.2.1 The Kano Model

 

 

1) Delighters(excitement factors, unconcious requirements) : ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” feature.

์ฒ˜์Œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ๋‚˜์™”์„ ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜์‹ฌํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์–ผ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋‹ตํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ.

 

2) Satisfier(performance factors, concious requirements) : ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์š”์ฒญํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์— ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ž‘ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์˜ต์…˜์ด ํƒ‘์žฌ ๋์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.

 

3) Dissatisfiers(basic factors, subconcious requirements) : ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ delighter ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, feature๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์— ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„.

๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์— GPS๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

 

์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

 

=> ์ฆ‰, Delighters๋Š” ๋ฌด์˜์‹, Satisfiers๋Š” ์˜์‹, Dissatisfiers๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์˜์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

 

 

 

 

 

โœ… 4.2.2 Gathering Techniques

 

Gathering Tech์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

 

1) Questioning : Interviews, Questionnaires

 

* interviews : ์š”๊ตฌ๊ณตํ•™์ž์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ 1๋Œ€1๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(small group์€ ์˜ต์…˜).

๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์ฃผ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” elicitation ๊ธฐ์ˆ .

์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ.

 

* questionnaires : quantative-๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ทจํ•ฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ.

Qualitative-๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€(open-ended)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ƒ์„ฑ.

-> ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ด์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ํ›„, ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉด ์ข‹์Œ. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šคํ…์œผ๋กœ!

 

 

2) Collaboration : workshops, crowd-based RE

 

* Workshops : meeting. Get a good global insight in short time, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ.

Creativity techniques. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์–ป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด questioning์ด ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธด ํ•จ.

 

* Crowd-based RE : ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹, ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค. ์ง€์‹ ๊ณต์œ , collaboration์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

 

 

3) Observation : field observation, apprenticing

 

* Field observation : ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ user๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์น˜๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•‰์•„์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. 

-> Dissatisfier ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ best elicitation ๊ธฐ์ˆ !

 

* Apprenticing : RE๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ด์‹ญ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. 

 

 

4) Artifact-based : Sytem archeology, Feedback analysis, Reuse of requirements --> find dissatisfier, satisfier์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

 

* System archeology : legacy, competitor ๋“ฑ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”์ถœ๋จ. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ œ์•ฝ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. 

 

* Feedback analysis : user์™€ customer๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ existing system์ด๋‚˜ prototype์— ์ ์šฉ. Data ์–‘์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๊ธด ํ•จ. But ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ dissatisfier๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Œ.

 

* Requse of Requirements : ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ. 

 

 

 

โœ… 4.2.3 Design and Idea-Generating Techniques

 

Design and Idea-Generating Tech์˜  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

 

 

1) Creativity Tech : chacne for an idea, knowledge of the subject matter, Motivation, safety and security๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค

 

* Brainstorming : question or problem์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •.  

๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ ์Šคํ† ๋ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ

 

* Analogy(๋น„์œ ) tech : ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.

์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ -> ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์›๋ž˜๊บผ๋กœ ์ „์†ก -> ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์ปจ์…‰์„ starting point๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

 

 

2) Design Tech : explore and elaborate ideas

 

* Prototyping : ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ •์˜๋œ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์“ฐ์ž„. ๋น„๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ๊ณผ dissatisfier, constraints๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•จ. 

 

* Scenarios and storyboards : ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” system ๋™์ž‘์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ์ด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ visual form์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ storyboard๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•จ. ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋“œ๋Š” ๋งŒํ™” ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•จ.

์•„๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ ์ฐธ์กฐ.

 

 

 

3) Design thinking : Empathy, Creativity

 

* Empathy : try to understand what stakeholders really think, feel, and do when they interact with a system

 

* Creativity

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reference

๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ

Handbook for the CPRE Foundation Level according to the IREB Standard

Version 1.1.0

September 2022

 

์œ„ ์ฑ… ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ๋ณ„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ screenshot์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋…ธํŠธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:)

 

์ด ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โฌ‡โฌ‡โฌ‡

http://www.kstqb.org/sw/lreb.asp

 

 

 

 

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