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Requirement Engineering

[IREB CPRE] Chapter 3. Work Products and Documentation Practices 2๏ธโƒฃ

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๐ŸŸก 3.4 Model-Based Work Products

์ž์—ฐ์–ด๋กœ๋งŒ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ

 

 

 

โœ… 3.4.1 The Role of Models in Requirements Engineering

-> visual representation of reality

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.1.1 Syntax and Semantics

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.1.2 Properties of a Model

Modeling์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

 

-> ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ถ”๋ ค์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

 

 

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Modeling Requirements

 

* Advantages *

1) Easy to understand and remember

2) Reduced amount of information - focus on a single aspect

3) Restricted syntax - simple, so confusion and omissions is smaller

4) Formal - Higher potentail for automated analysis and processing of requirements

 

* Disadvantages *

1) Not easy to keep model consistent with each other

2) Information from different models needs to be integrated for casual understanding

3) Describing quality requirements and constraints are limited

4) Restricted syntax can't imply every relevant item of information

 

 

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.1.4 Application of Requirements Models

๋ชจ๋ธ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ ์ด์ 

 

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.1.5 Quality Aspects of a Requirements Model

model์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€

 

๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์˜€๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์˜€๋Š”์ง€, ์˜๋„์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€(์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ)

 

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.1.6 Best of Both Worlds

-> textual/graphical form์„ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ค ์ข‹๋‹ค!

 

 

 

 

โœ… 3.4.2 Modeling System Context

 

data flow diagrams, UML use case diagrams, Tailored box-and-line diagrams

 

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram

 

* ๋„ค๋ชจ๋ฐ•์Šค(terminator) -> ๋™๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏธ(system) : Source

* ๋„ค๋ชจ๋ฐ•์Šค(terminator <- ๋™๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏธ(system) : Sink

 

* DFD ์žฅ์  : interface ์—ญํ• , ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›๋Š”, ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” tangible&intangible object

-> indicates a clear boundary between system and its environment.

-> can help to structure the context to reach shared understanding of the system context and system boundary.

 

 

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.2.2 UML Use Case Diagram

 

-> ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ •์˜๋œ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์งˆ์„œ์ •์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

-> ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ association์€ direction์ด๋‚˜ data flow๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(DFD์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ )์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ actor๊ฐ€ use case๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ด์ต๋งŒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ.

-> UML Use Case Diagram์€ system์ด environment์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” functionality๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ.

 

 

 

 

โœ… 3.4.3 Modeling Structure and Data

 

commom models for depicting structure and data : ERD, UML Class diagrams, SysML Block Definition Diagrams

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.3.1 UML Class Diagrams

class, attribute, associations, multiplicities, role

 

์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด p.53 ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ

 

instock : class diagram์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ. ์ด๊ฑด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ.

work product์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ.

 

 

 

 

โœ… 3.4.4 Modeling Function and Flow

 

* input/output -> diagram type์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด์•ผ ํ•จ.

 

UML use case diagram, UML activity diagram, Data flow diagram, Domian story models, Business Process Modeling

---> Notation(BPMN) BPMN์€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ž„.

 

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.4.1 UML Activity Diagram

 

p.56 ์ฐธ๊ณ 

 

 

 

 

โœ… 3.4.5 Modeling State and Behavior

 

Statecharts, UML state diagram

 

 

๐Ÿ”† 3.4.5.1 UML State diagram

 

-> Order cannot be Sent before it is completely picked

-> Sent ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์˜ค์ง Paid

-> initial state, final state, state, transition

-> class diagram์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

-> class diagram์—์„œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์—… ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช… ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ state diagram์€ ์ƒํƒœ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ transition์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. ์‹œํ€€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

 

 

 

 

โœ… 3.4.5 Supplementary models (์‹œํ—˜์—” ์•ˆ๋‚˜์˜ด)

p.59 ์ฐธ๊ณ 

 

 

 

 

 

๐ŸŸก 3.5 Glossaries

Glossary Rules

 

 

 

๐ŸŸก 3.6 Requirements Documents and Documentation Structures

Reruiements documents ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ

 

๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” documentation structures

 

์•Œ๋งž์€ documentation form์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค

 

 

 

๐ŸŸก 3.7 Prototypes in Requirement Engineering

 

* 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์  *

1) Exploratory prototype : to create shared understanding, clarify requirements, validate requirements

2) Experimental prototype : explore technical design solution concepts

3) Evolutionary prototype : pilot systems that from the core of a system to be developed

-> ์š”๊ตฌ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ exploratory prototype์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ(elicitation and validation)

-> Prototype์„ ํ†ตํ•ด stakeholder๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํ‹€์„ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

 

 

* ์ •ํ™•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Exploratory Prototype *

1) "Wireframes" : low-fidelity(๋‚ฎ์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„) ํ”„๋กœํ†  ํƒ€์ž…์„ ์˜๋ฏธ. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ข…์ด๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ.

๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํˆด์ด๋‚˜ ๋ญ ์Šค์ผ€์นญ ํˆด? ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํˆด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

 

2) "Mock-ups" : medium-fidelity. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ช…์„ธํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ real screen๊ณผ click flows๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ.(์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์—†์ด)

์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ user interface๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ ์žก๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์คŒ.

 

3) "Native prototype" : high-fidelity. ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž˜ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ.

===> ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ exploratory prototype๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” work product๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.

 

 

 

 

๐ŸŸก 3.8 Quality Criteria for Work Products and Requirements

1. ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  quality criteria๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.

2. ์–ด๋–ค quality criteria๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•ž์„  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป)

 

* Quality Criteria for single requirements *

1) Adequate : ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ true๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  agreed stakeholder needs๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ.

2) Necessary : system scope์ด๋ž‘ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ์ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด์•ผ ๋จ.

3) Unambiguous : ๋ชจ๋“ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ.

4) Complete : ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋จ.

5) Understandable : target audience๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ.

6) Verifiable : ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ. Indisputably(๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ)

-> ๋ณผ๋“œ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ quality criteria์ž„.

 

 

* Quality Criteria for RE work products *

1) Consistent : no 2 requirements contradict each other

2) Non-redundant : documented only once and doesn't overlap

3) Complete : work product contains all relevant requirements

4) Modifiable : can be modified

5) Traceable : can be traced back to their origins

6) Conformance(์ผ์น˜, ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ) : mandatory structure or format์„ ์ž˜ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์จ์•ผ ํ•จ.

 

 

 

 

 

Reference

๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ

Handbook for the CPRE Foundation Level according to the IREB Standard

Version 1.1.0

September 2022

 

์œ„ ์ฑ… ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ๋ณ„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ screenshot์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋…ธํŠธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:)

 

์ด ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โฌ‡โฌ‡โฌ‡

http://www.kstqb.org/sw/lreb.asp

 

 

 

 

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